Since the middle ages sgraffito decorations have shaped the image of European and North African cities. They decorate the faces of buildings as signs of the social status or beliefs of their building owners and a medium to show different messages. In this conference transcript specialists from Europe and Israel publish for the first time about the diversity of materials, techniques, themes, and problems of conservation and restoration of sgraffito decorations since the middle ages. Some essays of this fundamental volume deal with the rich variations of sgraffito decorations of the 20th century; for example, today's handling of sgraffiti that spreads propaganda from the time of National Socialism.