Most modern studies of narrative tend to focus predominantly on literature with only some reference to film. In Film Narratology , Peter W.J. Verstraten makes film narratives his primary focus, while noting the unexplored and essentially different narrative effects that film can produce with mise-en-scne, cinematography, and editing. Reworking the definitive theory of narration offeredby literary scholar Mieke Bal, Film Narratology examines cinematic techniques such as external and internal narration, visual and auditive focalization, the narrative force of sound, and the ambiguities caused by voice-overs and flashbacks. Verstraten illustrates these narrative principles with a broad range of examples drawn from avant-garde cinema, golden age Hollywood, blockbusters, and European art cinema. Insightful and comprehensive, Film Narratology will surely become the standard reference of cinematic narration for film students and scholars.