The "Abstracts of Papers Read at the First International Eugenics Congress" is a significant compilation that documents the discussions and findings presented at the inaugural gathering of eugenics scholars and practitioners. This congress brought together a diverse group of experts who explored the implications of eugenics on society, genetics, and public health. The abstracts provide insights into the prevailing theories and methodologies of the time, reflecting the scientific and social attitudes towards heredity and human improvement. The work serves as a historical record of early 20th-century thought on genetics and social policy.***The collection highlights various perspectives on eugenics, including its ethical considerations and potential applications. It showcases the intersection of science, philosophy, and social reform, revealing how eugenics was perceived as a means to enhance human populations. The congress facilitated a platform for debate and discussion, influencing future research and policies related to genetics. As such, this compilation is not only a reflection of scientific inquiry but also a critical examination of the societal implications of eugenics during its formative years.