This scientific study, first published in 1911, provides a detailed comparison of the vegetation in different types of wetland habitats in the upper Midwest. The study includes extensive data on the botany and ecology of swamp clay and sandstone areas and offers insights into the impact of human activity on these fragile ecosystems. This volume is an important resource for anyone interested in the natural history of the Midwest. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.